要了解定语从句，我们先得明白定语是啥，如果我给介绍一个人或者描述一样东西，以介绍一个人为例，如果我说是个女孩，那么你头脑中的对我介绍的人印象清晰么，应该就一女孩轮廓，但如果我说一个漂亮的，穿着红色衣服的，站在站台上的，那么你对这个人印象是不是逐渐清晰了，这里漂亮的，红色的，站在站台上的便是定语。
我们看看例子先
a pretty girl
a girl in red
a girl standing in the platform
a girl who is standing in the platform is lucy
上例中打彩色部分便都是定语，定语通常是修饰名词，如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思，定语便放在被修饰词前面，否则就放后面，请观察pretty是一个词，便是放前面的，这是你也许会说，a pretty little girl，pretty 和little不是两个词，怎么就放被修饰词前面了呢，一定要注意，pretty和little都是一个并且是各自能表达完整的意思滴。
上例中彩色部分都是定语，定语可以是一个形容词(pretty)，可以是介词短语(in red)，也可以是分词短语(standing in the platform)，也可以是一个句子(who is standing in the platform)，而当定语从句是一个句子时，这个句子呢，就是定语从句。
由于定语从句是一个句子，毫无疑问滴，必定不可能是一个词，所以都是放在被修饰词的后面，我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字，先行词，因为修饰她的句子还在后面，她先出现的。
然后我们在说说这定语从句，在英语中呢有个规定就是一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语，就好比我们人呢只能有一个心脏。(事物是普遍联系的定语从句经典例句)，那我们人啥时候可能会有两个心脏呢?。。。。。对了，有宝宝的时候，男同胞貌似目前不可能哈，那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了，这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征，人类呢是以大肚子，从句便以她的关系代词。我们例子中的who便是关系代词，这个关系我们也可以理解成人类的脐带，将子句和母句联系到一起。所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的。
所以偶们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句，啥是先行词，啥是关系代词。咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用。
1.He is a famous star.
2.Who’s that girl in red?
3.A suitcase that doesn’t have handles is useless.
4.The blue suitcase ,which doesn’t have handles, is useless.
注意上面画线部分有什么相同的。
都是修饰名词，对一个名词进行修饰，补充，让我们对这个名词在我们头脑中都有更清晰的认识。
这类成分就是定语。
观察最后两句，充当定语时一个完整句子，我们叫这类叫定语从句。
注意定语从句，that doesn’t have handles，that作代词+连词，在从句充当主语，并且连接两个句子。
我们叫that为关系代词。和普通代词的区别是它还可以连接两个句子。
被修饰的词叫先行词。如最后两句的suitcase。
Restrictive: A suitcase that doesn't have handles is useless.
Non-Restrictive: The blue suitcase, which doesn't have handles, is useless.
注意这两个句子。
限定性定语从句和非限定定语从句的区别在哪里。
前面那句是限制性定语从句，定语从句对先行词进行修饰，紧挨先行词，去掉从句句子不完整。
后面那句是非限定定语从句，定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，先行词和从句用逗号隔开，去掉句子仍然完整。
对定语从句有大概了解后，我们看看关系词，我们得搞清楚这什么时候用什么关系词，关系词分关系代词和关系副词，关系词通常在定语从句中充当成分的，当关系词在句子中作状语的时候便用关系副词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why等。
关系副词在定语从句中充当副词，关系代词中比较难区别是that和which，which 指物，who(whom)指人，that可以指人也可以指物。但有时有些情况只能用that。
观察下面句子。
1.This is the second article that I have written in English.
2.It is the best film that he has ever seen.
3.This is the very book that I want to read.
4. All that they told me surprised me.
5.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
6. Who is the girl that was there?
7.There is a bed in the room that is still vacant.
在上面几种情况下，关系词只能用that。
自己总结下吧
1，通常用that的情况
1.In following cases,“that”is often used.
(1)After ordinal number and superlatives.
(2)After the following words:all, only, little, few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), every(thing), some(thing),no(thing).
(3)After two or more antecedents,referring to both people and things.
(4)After interrogative pronouns“which”or “who”.
(5) When the main clause begins with “There be”.
2.通常用which的情况
2.In following cases,“which”is always used.
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.
This is the house in which he lives.
That pen which he took is mine
(1)After prepositions.
(2)To introduce a Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
(3)The antecedent is “that”.
练习
将下列两个单句合并成定语从句
1. The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
2. Mr. Ling is just the boy. I want to see Mr. Ling.
3. There is somebody here. Somebody wants to speak to you.
4. Football is a game. Football is liked by most boys.
5. I will never forget the day. We met there on the day.
6. This is the house. I was born in the house.
7. Do you know the woman? Her son saved the boy's life.
8. The man gone to Guangzhou. You met him in the street yesterday.
9. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library last week.
10. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
T:Now let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen.Fill in the blanks,choosing proper relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
1.Tell me the reason for__________you were late for class.
2.Who is the girl__________is speaking there?
3.This is Mr Smith,__________has some thing interesting to tell you.
4.The computer__________CPU doesn’t work has to be repaired.
5.This kind of computer,__________is well-known,is out of date.
6.This is just the place__________I’ve been longing to visit for years.
7.His mother is an engineer,__________makes him very proud.
8.The old man has four sons,three of__________are doctors.
Suggested answers:
I think“….”should be filled.Because the antecedent is“….”and the relative is used as … in the Attributive Clause.
1.which 2.that 3.who 4.whose 5.which 6.that 7.which 8.whom
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