最近，嘉兴市政府拨款给油车港镇修缮“龚宝铨故居”，并立碑“嘉兴市级文物保护单位”，门前大路命名为“宝铨路”。龚宝铨故居坐落于宝铨路41号。“龚宝铨故居纪念馆”将于10月10日开放，纪念辛亥革命100周年，彰显这位勇于推翻清王朝封建统治、反对外国列强侵略中国、建立民主共和国的辛亥革命功臣。
峥嵘少年
龚宝铨，男，1886年3月生于嘉兴县油车港镇马厍汇一户贫困农民家庭，排行老四。宝铨从小读书刻苦，一放学就参加田间劳动，深夜还点着油灯看书做作业，16岁那年以优秀成绩考取嘉兴秀水学堂，学习成绩为全班之冠。他尊敬师长，团结同学，有“见利不惑，临难不挠”气质，成为峥嵘少年。
龚宝铨所读书的嘉兴秀水学堂（现嘉兴秀州中学）是一所教会学堂。1902年春，学校购置一台大钟，美国传教士花第生来校参观访问，看见那台钟感到好奇，问校总理陶惺存可否敲一下，陶总理点头回答：“可以，可以！”于是花第生敲了两下，钟声响遍全校，在操场上活动的学生当作敲钟吃晚饭了，大家纷纷进食堂。因吃饭时间不到不能开饭，食堂炊事员汇报总务处，总务处干事不明敲钟真相，盲目批评学生违犯学校纪律，要处分学生。学生受冤屈不服气与总务处干事顶撞起来。龚宝铨理直气壮地说：“敲钟的是美国传教士，同学们是按钟声行动，没有违犯校纪，请校总理出来作证！”陶惺存总理外出不能前来作证，总务处联系教务处还是错误地处理了龚宝铨等10位同学退学。
投身革命
龚宝铨含冤退学回家不久，跟随同学留学日本，是同行中年龄最小的一个，也是家庭经济最困难一人，无钱进日本东京大学读书。宝铨在焦急之中，遇见救命恩人章太炎先生，章先生收他为学徒，吃住在章太炎处，帮助章太炎编辑《民报》，宣传民主革命思想，反清廷皇室封建统治及媚外崇洋的卖国行为，获得日本华侨华人、留日学生和南洋广大华侨华人的拥护。他们以龚宝铨为榜样，纷纷加入光复会、同盟会。龚宝铨被推选为同盟会副职，分管组织人事及档案工作。龚宝铨写得一手好文章，在《民报》上抨击清廷卖国行为，追求民主革命新潮流，受到陈其美、蔡元培的赞誉。章太炎器重、喜爱龚宝铨，将女儿许配给他，使龚宝铨更大胆而扎实工作。1904年4月，龚宝铨结识周树人（鲁迅），在东京发起组织《浙江同乡会》，出刊《浙江潮》杂志，抗议沙俄侵占我东北三省领土，并返沪与陈其美、蔡元培商议成立“中国军教育会”，揭露清廷特务暗杀队罪行，保护革命党人。1905年初，龚宝铨偕陶成章来嘉兴与敖嘉熊，褚辅成等人商议浙江革命军事宜，成立“浙江新军”，在嘉兴建立“温台处会馆”，开展练武军训。
此间，清廷派遣大批特务到日本各大城市搞“暗杀”活动，查封《民报》，龚宝铨冒着生命危险深夜烧毁浙江驻日本同盟会、光复会人员名册，保护了大批华侨华人中“两会”成员免遭杀害。龚宝铨支持浙江革命党人秋瑾、陶成章、徐锡麟诸人领导创办绍兴大通师范学堂，培养青年民主革命人才。龚宝铨来到浙东、浙南地区，翻山越水，日行七八十里访问发展同盟会、光复会成员，壮大革命组织。他还到安徽芜湖中学任教，建立据点，壮大同盟会，发展苏浙皖边区革命力量。龚宝铨还去南洋群岛，在华侨华人中也发展同盟会、光复会成员2000多人，受到孙中山先生赞誉。
龚宝铨的反清民主革命行动受到广大人民群众拥护和保护，遭清政府追捕，龚宝铨多次更名为未生、味生、微荪、国元等，在群众保护下免遭清廷“暗杀队”谋害，在浙江省联系发展了同盟会、光复会成员5000多人，其中，在嘉兴的敖嘉熊、陈仲权、褚辅成、方于笥、计宗型的共同努力下，发展同盟会、光复会成员达2000多人，壮大了嘉兴民主革命队伍。
光复嘉兴
1911年10月10日，武昌起义胜利消息传到日本，龚宝铨回国来到嘉兴，与同盟会、光复会领导成员商议嘉兴如何举行起义之事。龚宝铨、褚辅成联系省新军葛敬恩，由顾乃斌为督导官，率领新军第八十二标三营武装部队，于11月7日凌晨出兵进军嘉兴，龚宝铨、敖嘉熊、褚辅成、方于笥在精严寺指挥，清政府官吏、军警头目统领沈沂山、赵廷玉、张学智等人闻讯深夜逃跑。当天新军部队到达嘉兴南门三号桥，由同盟会会员马济生持旗接应。新军部队绕嘉兴城一周，进驻精严寺，全城大街小巷插满旗帜，百姓夹道欢迎新军。第二天（11月8日），新军进驻都督府（子城），改组清军留守人员，宣布成立“嘉兴县新军分府”。辛亥革命使清朝自顺治入关称帝268年的封建王朝专制统治结束，民主共和新中国诞生。浙江及嘉兴也由此光复。
浙江省光复后，成立“浙江省军政府”。龚宝铨被推任浙江省图书馆馆长。翌年，孙中山将“大总统”大权让给袁世凯，袁称帝复辟封建王朝，疯狂镇压革命党人，将章太炎软禁于北京，株连女婿龚宝铨受审查。龚宝铨“临难不挠”，潜回浙江发动群众倒袁，保护辛亥革命胜利成果。
1916年秋，全国性反袁运动取得胜利后，改组浙江省军政府，成立省参议会，龚宝铨任外交顾问、省参议会副参议长，但龚宝铨仍拿图书馆馆长薪金，不要外交补贴费，也不拿省副参议长工资，保持清廉艰苦精神。
在工作中他经常下基层调查研究，倾听老百姓意见，铲除地方贪官污吏，深受老百姓赞誉。龚宝铨的前妻是章太炎女儿，在太章先生受袁世凯迫害时吊死；后妻是褚辅成妹妹，住嘉兴，由于龚宝铨长期外出工作很少回嘉兴，故未能生育子女。龚宝铨在艰苦的环境中长期投身革命运动，常常累得抱病工作。大家劝他注意休息保养身体，宝铨回答说：“宁为民众献身，不让百姓吃苦。”龚宝铨一生为民主革命殚精竭虑，鞠躬尽瘁。不幸的是他在外出工作中传染上疫症，于1922年6月猝死，年仅37岁。龚宝铨被追认为辛亥革命烈士。1925年7月2日（民国十四年五月十二日），嘉兴县各界人士公祭七烈士，龚宝铨就是其中杰出的一位。
嘉兴市秀州区政府、区政协文史委与油车港镇政府拟出刊《龚宝铨烈士》专辑，在纪念辛亥革命100周年大会上发行，以弘扬龚宝铨热爱祖国、热爱人民、“见利不惑，临难不挠”、艰苦朴素的精神。□
Gong Baoquan, a Revolutionist of the 1911 Revolution
By Chen Qiwen
It is true that the 1911 Revolution of China was brief. It started on October 10, 1911 and ended on February 12, 1912. But by the time the revolution was over, the Qing Dynasty was gone; the 4,000-year monarchy system in China was gone, a brand new chapter of modern China began, and a galaxy of revolutionary heroes had their names carved into history.
One of the numerous heroes is Gong Baoquan (1886-1922), a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province.
In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, Jiaxing municipal government has been restoring Gong Baoquan’s former residence, now a cultural heritage under the protection of Jiaxing. It is scheduled to open to the general public on Oct 10, 2011.
Not many people know about Gong Baoquan. As a matter of fact, he was one of the most active heroes dedicated to the revolutionary undertakings in the ten years up to the revolution. Moreover, he is one of the historical and cultural celebrities of Jiaxing.
Born in Makuhui Town, Gong Baoquan was the fourth child of the family. His father was a doctor and his mother from a family of scholars. Influenced by his mother, Gong developed a passion for literature in early boyhood years. He was admitted to Xiushui Junior High School at age sixteen but dropped out in 1900 because of an incident based on misunderstanding concerning a visiting American missionary.
During that time, China was faced with the troubles at home and aggression from Western imperialist powers. In order to pursue a better education opportunity and overthrow the incompetent Qing government, the young man went to Japan in 1902 for further education. There, he met Zhang Taiyan, a Chinese democratic revolutionist and thinker who had later exerted a great influence on the young man’s life.
Appreciating Gong’s literary talent and patriotic aspiration, Zhang Taiyan took him as an apprentice. They edited “Citizen Newspaper”, a political journal, together to disseminate ideas of democracy and revolution and promote the fight against the puppet regime. Gong published articles in the journal, blasting the Qing government’s treasonable acts and seeking democracy. His writings and thoughts received high praise from the big shots in Chinese democratic revolutionary circles. The journal was reviewed favorably and won great support of overseas Chinese and students study abroad.
Gong was more than a writer about revolution. He took active part in preparing for revolutionary undertakings which aimed at overturning the Qing government. He finished his study in Japan and went back to China in 1904. At the same year, a Chinese revolutionary alliance named “Restoration League” was founded in Shanghai. Together with Cai Yuanpei, Tao Chengzhang and other comrades, Gong Baoquan was one of the founding fathers. He also joined another revolutionary alliance “United League” in the following year. Gong traveled through Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui, propagating revolutionary thought and recruiting new members.
Gong also placed emphasis on personnel training. He jointly founded the Datong School in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province with Tao Chengzhang, Xu Xilin and some other comrades. Young people received training for revolution. In 1905, he and Tao Chengzhang employed at a junior high school in Wuhu, a city on the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. The two did secret revolutionary works under the cover of teaching. After the failure of an uprising launched by the United League in 1907 in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, Gong Baoquan and Tao Chengzhang were forced to flee to Indonesia. They founded a school there and continued their revolutionary undertakings.
After the restoration of Zhejiang in 1911, Gong went back to Zhejiang and served as Chief Librarian of Zhejiang Library in 1912. During his 10-year tenure of office, he contributed a great deal to the cultural programs of Zhejiang. He published a series of books about Zhang Taiyan to disseminate Zhang’s thoughts. The Librarian started an ambitious project. He sent people to Beijing in a bid to copy the “Imperial Collection of Four”, the largest collection of books in Chinese history and probably the most ambitious editorial enterprise in the history of the world.
Gong passed away from pulmonary disease in June, 1922 at the age of 37. In the last ten years of his life, the revolutionary turned his mind and soul to Buddhism, and this is probably why he was buried near the Lingyin Temple, the most famous Buddhist sanctuary of Hangzhou. In 1925, Jiaxing County held a public ceremony in honor of local martyrs. In 1931, Jiaxing Government erected a monument in honor of the local 1911 Revolution heroes and Gong Baoquan was one of the seven martyrs officially named and honored. □
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