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摘要在无套利框架的基础上,讨论基于个体公平原则下的寿险产品定价问题,即运用倒向随机微分方程理论,将投保人和保险人置于同一系统中进行考虑:首先,根据双方的随机投资决策目标分别建立无套利寿险定价模型和动态资产份额定价模型,得出两个特殊线性倒向随机微分方程的显式解;然后,建立基于个体公平原则的寿险定价模型,从投保人和保险人双方的角度对寿险产品进行公平定价,得出了从供需双方考虑的投资回报定价公式;最后,利用所建立的模型进行案例分析,计算出基于个体公平原则的保费及保险公司的投资策略.该寿险产品定价模型不仅考虑了保险人的意愿,还同时考虑了投保人的实际情况,因此,按此定价理念开发出的保险产品,不仅可以提高产品研发的成功率,而且使得研发出的新产品更能在竞争激烈的保险市场中站稳脚步.
关键词应用统计数学;寿险定价模型;无套利定价;资产份额定价;个体公平原则
中图分类号F840.32 文献标识码A
AbstractOn the basis of the no arbitrage pricing model, this article discussed the problem of life insurance product pricing based on the principle of individual equity. Using the theory of backward stochastic differential equation, the policyholders and the insured were considered in the same system. First of all, according to the target of the policy holder"s investment decision, this paper established the non arbitrage life insurance pricing model ,and at the same time, according to the target of the insurer"s investment decision, this paper established the asset share pricing model, and the explicit solutions of the two special linear backward stochastic differential equations were obtained. Then, this article established the life insurance pricing model based on the principle of individual equity. The model considers both the angle of the insured and the insurer, and obtains the pricing formula of the investment return. Finally, the insurance case was analyzed by using the established model, meanwhile, the insurance company"s investment strategy and premium based on the principle of individual equity were calculated. The life insurance product pricing model considers both the insurer and the actual situation of the insured. Therefore, the insurance product developed by this pricing method can not only improve the success rate of product research and development, but also make the new products with stronger competitiveness in the fierce competition in the insurance market.
Key wordsApplied Statistical Mathematics;Life insurance pricing model;non arbitrage pricing;asset share pricing;individual equity principle
1引言
寿险定价是寿险产品开发的关键环节,准确合理的寿险定价对寿险公司的发展起着关键作用.随着保险业与金融业的关系越来越密切,寿险投资越来越普遍,因此考虑金融市场的投资情况,按照随机投资回报决策目标,建立动态的定价模型是非常有必要的.然而,从理论上讲,寿险产品可以看作是一种商品,寿险产品的价格应该由市场的供求关系决定,即由投保人和保险人共同决定,所以在无套利寿险定价理论的基础上,在同一系统中分别对投保人和保险人进行研究,考虑各自随机决策目标下的寿险定价模型,按此定价理念开发出的保险产品,不仅可以提高产品研发的成功率,而且使得研发出的新产品更能在竞争激烈的保险市场中站稳脚步.
目前,国内外对基于投资的寿险定价问题研究较少.Brennan、Schwartz考虑了利率波动和通货膨胀对寿险定价的影响[2];Spellman(1975)等考虑了投资收入和需求弹性对寿险定价的影响,以利润最大化作为最终目标,建立寿险定价模型[3].Pardoux和彭实戈(1990)最早建立非线性下倒向随机微分方程的基本框架[4];石玉凤(2006)阐述了无套利寿险定价法及动态资产份额定价法,根据保险公司的决策目标,计算出合理保费及投资策略[5];郑鸬捷(2012)将无套利寿险定价运用到再保险定价中,加入时间序列预测方法,给出了基于投资的非比例再保险定价公式,为保险公司厘定比例再保险保费提供了新的方法[6].
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