1.aid 1) n.帮助，援助，资助 常见结构： first aid急救
in aid of…为了帮助…… with the aid of 借助于 ，在……帮助(救助)下
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人 medical aid 医疗救护
cut off aid (突然)终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具
他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator.
2) vt;&vi. 帮助，援助 常见结构： aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with sth在某事上帮助某人
① 我帮助这个可怜的女孩继续她的学业。I aided the poor girl in continuing her study.
② 我帮助她搞研究。I aided her to do her research.
2. fall ill【课文原句】
fall ill是“病倒”的意思，其中fall是连系动词,意为“成为，变成”，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
她病倒不久便去世了。She fell ill and died soon after.
知识链接:fall asleep 睡着 fall silent 沉默 fall down 摔倒
fall in love with爱上……
3.prevent sb. from doing sth【课文原句】
1)prevent/stop... (from) doing 妨碍/阻止…做某事
keep... from doing 阻止….做某事
在be prevented/stopped from doing 结构中,介词from 能省略吗?
不能 如:We are prevented/stopped from going there.
2)protect sb./sth. against/from sth. 保护…..免受…..
他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
4. sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉
sense of taste 味觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of humour 幽默感
sense of beauty 美感 sense of direction 方向感 sense of urgency 紧迫感
5.a variety of 【课文原句】
a variety of各种各样的，多种多样的
这家商店出售各种各样的商品。This shop sells a variety of toys.
6. squeeze& over and over again【课文原句】
1)squeeze v. 压榨，挤压，塞进
squeeze out 榨出，挤出 squeeze into 挤进 squeeze…from/ out of从……榨取
① 她把一个柠檬的汁挤了出来。She squeezed the juice from /out of a lemon.
② 他挤进了拥挤的公共汽车。He squeezed himself into a crowded bus.
2) over and over again
2)over and over again = again and again, 一再,再三,许多次
我再三告诫你不要那样做.I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
7. in place【课文原句】
in place: 在适当的位置;适宜的
你把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。
You’d better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.
知识拓展: in place 在适当的位置,适当 out of place不在适当的位置，不适当
in place of 代替 take the place of 代替
短语翻译 1.阻止(某人)做……___________________________
2.触感_____________________________ 3.挤出;榨出______________________
4.在适当的位置___________________5.反复，多次_________________________
6.开展，执行______________________7.找到_____________________________
8.许多，大量_________________________9.自豪___________________________ 10.砍掉，砍伐____________________
完成句子
1. He suddenly________ _________ __________ _______(昨晚他突然病了)。
2. Sunglasses can_______ ________ ________ _________ the sun' s rays (保护我们的眼睛免受…… )。
3. You may __________ ______________(烫伤) by hot liquids.
4. These burns are not serious and they should______ ______ -______ ______ ________ _______ ___________(一天之内就会好许多)。
5. First degree burns __________ ___________when they are pressed(变成白色)。
参考答案：.
短语翻译
1. prevent sb from doing sth 2. sense of touch 3. squeeze out 4. in place
5. over and over again 6. carry out 7. put one‘s hands on
8. a number of 9. be proud of 10. cut off
完成句子
1. fell ill last night 2. protect our eyes from 3. get burnt
4. feel better within a day or two 5. turn white
Unit 5 First aid- Discovering useful structures
Ellipsis
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略句的使用是为了使句子简洁明快，重点突出。
一.句子成分的省略
1. 省略主语
1)(I) Beg your pardon.
2)(It) Sounds like a good idea
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
1)(Is) Anybody here?
2)(Is there) Anything I can do for you?
3. 省略宾语
A: Where has Mr. Smith gone?
B: Sorry, I don’t know (where he has gone.)
4.省略主语和谓语
1)(Are you) Hungry?
2)(I want) Orange juice, please.5.省略不定式后省略动词
A: Would you like to come to the party?
B: I’d love to (come the party.)
Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.→I haven’t seen you for ages.
2. Some more tea? →Would you like some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea. →That / It sounds like a good idea.
4. Doesn’t matter. →It doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that. →I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come. →It’s/ What a pity you couldn’t come.
7. This way, please. →Come this way, please.
8. Terrible weather! →What terrible weather it is!
9. Joining us for a drink? → Are you joining us for a drink?
10. Going to the supermarket→Are you going to the supermarket?
二.状语从句中的省略
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:
①连词(as, as if, once+名词)
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
②连词(though, whether, when)+形容词
Work hard when (you are) young ,or you’ll regret.
③连词(when, while, though)+现在分词
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
④连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词
⑤连词(as if, as though)+不定式
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.
三.不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to
①在 expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。如:
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
②在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。
③在某些形容词pleased, glad, happy 等后面。
--Will you join the game?
--I’d be glad to.
④否定形式的省略用not to。
如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be, have,和have been 。如:
--He hasn’t finished yet.
--Well, he ought to have.
2、-Does your brother intend to study German?
-Yes, he intends______.
A / B to C so D that
答案：B
解析 intend to 后省略了study German。
3、-Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
-_______.
A Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C No, I won’t
D That’s right
答案：B
解析 I’d like to 后省略了go to the Grand Theatre。
4、-You should have thanked her before you left.
-I meant_____, but when I was leaving, I couldn’t find her
anywhere. (2022北京春)
A to do B to C doing D doing to
答案： B
四.so或not的替代现象
so或not代替上文内容，与动词believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，speak，suppose，think及 I’m afraid 等连用。
注意;hope只用I hope not不能用I don’t hope so。
高考回顾
1、-After living in a village for so long, Kathy won’t want to move to a big city.
-I don’t imagine_____. (07.武汉质检)
A. so B. too C. it D. that
答案：A
2、Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost._____, their political influence should be very great. (2022广东)
A. As a result B.As usual C. Even so D. So far
答案：C
解析 Even so, 即使这样。
3、-You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
— ___. I know it’s not easy to get another one the moment. (2022江苏)
A I hope not B Yes, I have C I hope so D Yes, I’m afraid so
答案： A
解析: 根据it’s not easy to get another one at the moment 可知说话者很珍惜。
4、-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
-_____.(2022北京春)
A I guess not so B I don’t guess C I don’t guess so D I guess not
答案：C
解析: I don’t guess so.相当于I don’t think so.。
考点4在than或as…as引导的从句
在than或as…as引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever.
He came home earlier than (he was) expected.
She works as hard as young people.
高考回顾
1. George offered a better suggestion to me than_____. (06.中山第一学期期末)
A Henry did to Smith B. that of Smith’s
C. Michael’s D. what Charlie offered to me
答案：D
解析: 在than 后完整的句子为Henry offered a suggestion to Smith
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