2023年9月英语四级考试试题及答案
英语四级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。
【听力】
听力原文 NEWS 1
White meat such as chicken may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat
does. This finding surprised researchers who admitted they didn"t expect that
eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels. In the study,
researchers looked at 113 healthy people. The participant in three different diets.
These were a red meat diet which is primarily beef, a white meat diet which is
mostly chicken and turkey, and a vegetarian protein diet. Each diet period was
four weeks. Between the diet periods, participants had a break during which they
ate their regular foods. In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and
finish of each new diet. The results showed that white and red meat diets had the
same effects on blood cholesterol levels. Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared to the diet built on vegetarian protein sources. The
team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than
red meat,despite their findings. This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease, independent of cholesterol. Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat. And more
vegetarian protein.
Q1: What do we learn from the news report about the study?
Q2: What did the researchers acknowledge?
NEWS 2
At around half past nine this morning, a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of high street in Milton. Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled all over the road. It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident, but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners. With just one week to go before Christmas, there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected. A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene. She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving. The crossing on high street is a well-known accident black spot. This year alone, there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.Thankfully, none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.
Q3: What does the news report say about the accident at the crossing of high street and Milton ?
Q4: What do we learn about the crossing on high street?
NEWS 3
India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday promising to ferry customers,
the 40 miles between Bangalore"s electronic city tech hub and the international
airport terminal in 15 minutes.
Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app.
The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India offers only one room.
But Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.
Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers. A car ride for the
same journey costs less than half as much. But Bangalore airport says it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.
A large number of high class travelers, including CEOs have to spend more than
three hours by road to get there.
And that is a loss of time.
A Bangalore airport spokesperson said this is not a low cost option, but it is an
option. She added.
The helicopters ferried around 8 customers to the airport on their first day.
The company that owns and operates the service is called Loinbo Thumby aviation.
It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.
Q5: What is Bangalore airport trying to do about the helicopter taxi service?
Q6: What do we learn from the news about the helicopter taxi ride?
Q7: Who are the targeted customers of the helicopter taxi service?
COVERSATION 1
W:Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.
M:What kind would you like?
W:Sorry, I don"t know much about cheese. What type do you think would be
suitable for a barbecue?
M: That"s easy. For a barbecue,you could have any cheese you want. I imagine
there will be different foods and people will just help themselves and eat at their
own pace, right?
W:Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington park. There will be around 20 of us, including
children.
M:Great，so you could have different types of cheese. How much would you like
to spend?
W:Not very much. Let"s say $30.
M:I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese，that will
offer you a good variety to suit different people"s tastes.
W:That sounds good. What"s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard
cheese?
M:Well, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet
things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat
cheese,it"s only $15,a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife and
then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It"s delicious. Children love it.
W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?
M:Yes,for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very
strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own.It"s $16.
W:Okay, I"ll take both. Thank you for your help.
Q8: What does the woman plan to do for the weekend?
Q9: What does the man suggest the woman do?
Q10: What does the man say about Spanish goat cheese question ?
Q11: What is the woman going to do at the end of the conversation?
COVERSATION 2
M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with E textbooks next semester.
I can"t wait.
W: Really? What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software,
and electronic infrastructure that goes with it, not to mention retraining all the
teachers and administration staff.
M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high But much lower afterwards. Besides
that tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable.
Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.
W: Not necessarily tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers. In fact, Research
suggests that people who read printed text comprehend more, remember more
and learn 30% more than those who read digital text.
M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in
printed textbooks. Think about it. Students are able to highlight and edit text,
write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with
printed textbooks. And what about all those trees that are cut down to make
printed books?
W: Actually manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous
to human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70
times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are
extracted from the earth to make electronic reader.It does far more damage to the
environment?
M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly without the need for buying a whole lot of new books.that"s better for the environment,
W: But the core curriculum doesn"t change that much printed textbooks that are
not brand new, still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.
M: Well, I"m looking forward to the change.
I"ll stick with my printed books.
Q12: What does the woman say about using E textbooks?
Q13: According to the man. How can the use of tablets benefit students?
Q14: What does the woman say about students using tablets?
Q15: What does the woman say about making electronic readers?
PASSAGE 1
In social psychology, the term “person perception” refers to the mental processes
that we use to form impressions of other people.
It includes not just how we form these impressions,
but the conclusions we make about other people based our impressions.
Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.
When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial
impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store, you might draw
conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.
Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables, including the characteristics of the person you are observing,
the context of your situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences. One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization. In this
process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common
characteristics.
Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and
prejudice.
Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available. One is
next to a small elderly woman. The other is next to a muscular, fierce looking man.
You sit next to the elderly woman who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.
Because of social categorization, you immediately judge the woman as harmless, and the man as threatening,
leading to the loss of your wallet.
Q16: What does the passage say we tend to do every day?
Q17: What do we learn about person perception from this passage?
Q18: What is the problem with using social categorization in person perception?
PASSAGE 2
Young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous
generation. At least this is what a new study suggests.For the study,researchers
compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started
kindergarten in 1998, with those who began school in 2010. The former group
entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries . The latter group
started school when mobile devices were widespread.Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills. These included
the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who were
different. They were also rated similarly on self-control such as the ability to
regulate their temper. In virtually,every comparison made ratings of social skills
either remaining constant or improved for the children born later. There was one
exception. Social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online
games and social networking sites many times a day. Adults are worried when
technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly
the parent-child relationship. The introduction of telephones,automobiles and
radios all led to moral panic among adults of the time because the technology
allowed children to enjoy more freedom Fears over screen based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change. But overall,
the study found little evidence at time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.
Q19: What does the new study suggest about young people today and those from
the previous generation ?
Q20: What did the study find about children who accessed social networking sites
many times a day?
Q21: What does adults worry about technological change?
PASSAGE 3
You can find incredible videos, articles, and those stories about the success of
others. The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive
inspiration. Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are
practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don"t actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people"s success isn"t the same as
creating your own success.
Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration-the act of creating things,
applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes-that we discover who we are
and what is important to us. Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long
term passion and enthusiasm. Watching someone else"s success might leave you
feeling excited for a few minutes.
However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you think
about things in a different way, but creating, producing, and experimenting is what drives you forward. Passive inspiration can give you ideas, but active inspiration
will give you power.
Too often we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it.
And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. The best
inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.
Q22:What does the speaker say about inspiration from consuming others" ideas
and success stories?
Q23 :What do we learn from the passage about active inspiration ?
Q24:What does the passage say passive inspiration can do?
Q25: Where does the best inspiration come from According to the passage?
听力题 Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news
report,you
will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be
spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked A).B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1.A)It examines the effect of cholesterol on people"s health.
B)Its participants all had high blood cholesterol levels.
C)It questions the benefits of a vegetarian protein diet.
D)Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.
2.A)They do not know all the effects of eating meat.
B)Red meat itself does not cause heart diseases.
C)White meat may be healthier than red meat.
D)Vegetarian protein may be easier to absorb.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.A)It may have been due to the lorry driver"s drunk driving.
B)It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.
C)It interrupted traffic for several hours running.
D)It was caused by a lorry running into a trailer. 4.A)It has been the scene of several fatal accidents recently.
B)It is the spot that causes the local police a lot of worry.
C)It has witnessed several traffic accidents this year.
D)It is a location frequented by local traffic police.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.A)Get approval to add more routes.
C)Advertise it through a mobile app.
B)Attract more international tourists.
D)Make it affordable to common folk.
6.A)It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.
B)It is gaining popularity among ordinary Indians.
C)It symbolizes India"s advancement in high-tech.
D)It can get anywhere in the city within 15 minutes.
7.A)International tourists.
C)Prominent superstars.
B)High-class travelers.
D)Customers in a hurry.
Section B
Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each
comver.
sation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A).B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A)Treat her friends in a bar.
C)Make some cheese.
Jon ob vor(A
B)Take a trip to Washington.
D)Throw a party
9.A)Spend no more than 30 dollars
C)Help him prepare the barbecue.
B)Buy different kinds of cheese.
D)Find out different people"s tastes.
10.A)It is the best kind of hard cheese.
C)It is more delicious than honey.
B)It is the most popular in Spain.
D)It is a good choice for children.
11.A)Buy what the man recommended.
B)Have a taste of both of the cheeses.
C)Choose one of the two types of cheese.
D)Ask the man to cut the cheese into slices.
og trool"o Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A)New teachers and staff have to be recruited.
B)It might take some time for students to adapt.
C)It involves buying lots of tablets and software.
D)The software has to be constantly upgraded.
13.A)It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.
B)It can help them to interact more with teachers.
C)It can save their trouble of carrying printed books.
D)It can develop their skills in using electronic devices.
14.A)They may have trouble comprehending texts.
B)They may encounter technological problems.
C)They may pay less respect to teachers.
D)They may get distracted more easily.
15.A)It generates a great deal of electronic garbage.
B)It does a lot of damage to the environment.
C)It emits huge amounts of harmful radiation.
D)It accelerates the exhaustion of rare minerals.
Section C
Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each
passage,you will
hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken
only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A)Communicate with our coworkers.
B)Encounter people in different places.
C)Judge people based on our first impressions.
D)Engage in a variety of psychological activities.
17.A)It is an objective evaluation of a person"s character.
B)It is a mental process influenced by many factors.
C)It contributes to the formation of personal traits.
D)It varies greatly among different social groups.
18.A)It can lead to incorrect judgments.
C)It can result in instant losses.
B)It can cause mistrust among people.
D)It can give rise to gender bias
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A)-Both groups spend a lot of time on mobile devices.
B)Both groups attach importance to social connections.
C)They are equally competent in using new technology.
D)They are similar in terms of social skills
20.A)Their social skills were negatively affected. B)Their school performance was slightly lower.
C)Their emotions were much harder to regulate.
D)Their relations with peers were badly strained.
21.A)It may pose a threat to their children"s safety.
B)It may affect society"s traditional values.
C)It may hurt their relations with children.
D)It may change their children"s ethical values.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A)It is motivating
C)It is incredible
B)It is passive.
D)It is impracticable.
23.A)It results in short-term excitement.
B)It helps us avoid making mistakes.
C)It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.
D)It is bound to help us achieve greater success.
24.A)Drive us forward.
C)Spur us to action.
B)Bring us power.
D)Give us ideas.
25.A)Listening to success stories
C)Following the advice of experts. B)Applying ideas to one"s life.
D)Consuming the world around us.
听力答案
1.D)Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.
2.C)White meat may be healthier than red meat.
3.B)It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.
4.C)It has witnessed several traffic accidents this
years.
5.A)Get approval to add more route.
6.A)It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.
7.B)High-class travelers.
8.D)Throw a party.
9.B)Buy different kinds of cheese
10.D)It is a good choice for children.
11.A)Buy what the man recommended.
12.C)It involves buying lots of tablets and software.
13.A)It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.
14.D)They may get distracted more easily.
15.B)It does a lot of damage to the environment.
16.C)Judge people based on our firs timpresssions.
17.B)It is a mental process influenced by many factors. 18.A)It can lead to incorrect judgements.
19.D)They are similar in terms of social skills.
20.A)Their social skills were negatively affected.
21.C)It may hurt their relations with children.
22.B)It is passive.
23.C)It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.
24.D)Give us ideas.
25.B)Applying ideas to one"s life.
【阅读】
Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)
选词填空
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may
not use any of the.words in the bank more than once.
Public perception of success in the U.S. might be totally misguided. While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and 26 , fewer than
l0% factor those qualities into their own success. This is according to the
newly 27 study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor Todd Smith.
Smith says he was 28 by how past studies on success “assumed what
people will care about".In this study, his team "went the 29 direction" by
spending years carrying out individual interviews and group surveys to see
what peoplereallytalkaboutwhentheytalkaboutsuccess.
As a scientist, Smith 30 studied individuality for a living, and even he was
surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a 31 in
life.Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it most, and that prioritization dropped off as respondent’s ages went up. Perhaps this is because older people
had fewer options when they were starting their careers , at a time when values
focused more on stable incomes than 32 personal missions.
Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting. Being a
parent 33 very high across the priorities of all study
participants. Ultimately,Smith hopes institutions will take note of these
insights 34 .
Higher education institutions tend to focus on preparing students for high-paying
jobs. For such institutions, from universities to workplaces, to better 35 people
in the U.S., they’ll need to understand“what the American public highly prioritizes,”Smith says.
I.opposit
A.accommodate B.accordingly
J.profession
C.acquiring
K.purpose
D.bothered L.ranked
E.fortune M.released
F.fulfilling N.similarly
G.identify O.wrong
H.literally
选词填空答案:
26-30: E) fortune; M) released; D) bothered; I) opposit; H) literally
31-35: K) purpose F) fulfill; L) ranked; B) accordingly; A) accommodate
26. While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and E) fortune
27. This is according to the newly M) released
28. Smith says he was D) bothered by how past studies on success
29. In this study, his team "went the I) opposite direction"
30. As a scientist, Smith H) literally studied individuality for a living
31. he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a K)
purpose in life
32. when values focused more on stable incomes than F) fulfilling personal missions
33. Being a parent L) ranked very high across the priorities of all study participants
34. Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights B) accordingly
35. to better A) accommodate people in the U.S
段落匹配
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You
may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for
a future of "love and dignity"
[A] At whatever grade level teachers find themselves,from kindergarten to the
final class at medical or law school,few moments stir the emotions as deeply as
when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on
where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the
pavement on which they"ve traveled.
[B] So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding,a student 21 years ago in
my Peace Studies summer course in Washington.The weekly tuition-free class,in
a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group
provided,was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams.Just
come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence.And do it today,tomorrow is too late.The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实
习生)，with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps
volunteer.
[C] Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic
and delivering meals to the homebound.It was a world apart from her
undergraduate days at the University of Califoria-Berkeley majoring in political
science.The Washington experience,which Kelli would later call
"transformative,"was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master"s degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the
University of Rochester,and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-
room psychiatrist (精神科医生) at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical
professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
[D] Kelli"s letter,a literate update on both her personal and professional
life,touched my hear, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still
has the course text,"Solutions to Violence,"and that "it remains one of my favorite
possessions."She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband,Padraic,whom she
met on a flight to London,and their three boys.
[E] If Kelli stands out,it"s because she is also a gifted writer.Last month,Atria Books
published her book The Rabbit Effect:Live Longer.Happier,and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.
[F] With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be
sound and singular."Despite our scientific progress,"she writes,"Americans are
remarkably unhealthy.In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third in the world for
life expectancy....It is also by far the world"s most expensive place to get sick."
[G] Enter the rabbits-not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving
in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet
and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease.With similar diets,the
expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞).Yet one group had 60%fewer of them.
[H] The reason?Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals,the 60%group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who,Kelli writes,"handled
the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted
them.She didn"t just pass out food, she gave them love....The studies indicate
something is missing in the traditional biomedical model.It wasn"t diet or genetics
that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy.It was
kindness."
[I] Amid the political noise about Obamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,health insurance
and thieving pharmaceutical (医药的)companies,Kelli Harding stands apart from
the crowd calling for quick fixes,the simpler the better.She has walked too many
miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too
many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.
[J] "The rabbit effect,"she explains,means that "when it comes to our health,we"ve been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us
healthy. Factors like love,friendship,and dignity. The designs of our
neighborhoods,s chools, and workplaces. There"s a social dimension to health that
we"ve completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge
medical care....Ultimately,what affects our health in the most meaningful ways
has more to do with how we treat one another,how we live,and how we think about
what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor"s office."
[K] In more than a few passages,she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as
pieces of flesh."Clinically," she writes,"it"s common to see two patients with the same condition,such as recovering from a heart attack,have two very different
courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their family relationships or
their educational levels. In my practice,the sickest people I see often share similar
backgrounds: loneliness, abuse,poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical
model isn"t enough. It"s like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot
is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead....To properly
care for patients,we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care."
[L] Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at(随意批评) the medical establishment
and its body-centered biomedicine methods.Instead,she remains positive,holding
up for praise one of her medical school professors,George Engel,"who always
noticed not just a patient"s physical condition but little details about her life,such as
if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered.He was the
kind of trusted doctor you"d feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member.He"d sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical
problems,but about her life and priorities.He built a large consultation service to
address the holistic (整体的) needs of hospitalized patients,including
psychological and social factors."
[M] It"s a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these
days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed
with.May the totals be large and getting larger.
36.Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.
37.Kelli Harding doesn"t think America"s medical model is sufficient for patients who need help
most.
38.Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America"s
medical problems.
39.Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.
40.According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans
healthier, nor prolonged their life.
41.The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current
life.
42.George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.
43.According to Kelli Harding, rabbits" health had more to do with humans"
kindness to them than their diet or genetics.
44.What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.
45.A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the
best medical care.
段落匹配参考答案:
36. E (If Kelli stands out)
37. K (In more than a few passages)
38. I (Amid the political noise)
39. B (So it was when a recent letter)
40. F (With a blending of)
41. D (Kelli"s letter)
42. L (Kelli wastes no time)
43. H (The reason?)
44. C (Her year-long service)
45. J ("The rabbit effect")
仔细阅读
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A),B).C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Academic dishonesty is nothing new.As long as there have been homework
assignments and tests,there have been cheaters.The way that cheating looks has changed over time,though, particularly now that technology has made it easier
than ever.A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high
school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics.Of
the teens surveyed,51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point
on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour.A Common Sense
Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via
smartphone,though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe
their kids had ever cheated.In many cases,students did not realize that strategies
like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.
In today"s classrooms,students who cheat are rarely caught.There are no formulas
written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle,or whispering
answers to their classmates.Today"s students use smartphones,tablets or even in-
class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their
crimes,Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against
the rules in many school policies,students do not view the actions unethical.
The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot
adequately keep up with cheating policies,or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain
way.From a young age,students learn that answers exist conveniently at their
fingertips through search engines and expert websites.
Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these
policies must be updated consistenly. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes
to what their students are doing in classroom and how technology could be playing
a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about
the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical
behaviours that may seen innocent in their own eyes.
46.What do we leam from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics
A)Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.
B)Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens
C) More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.
D)Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students
47.What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?
A)Most parents tended to overprotect their children
B) Many students committed cheating unknowingly.
C)Students were in urgent need of ethical education.
D)Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating
48.Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?
A)They copy formulas on their palms
B)They help each other to cover up their acts. C)They keep changing their ways of cheating
D) They make use of modern technology.
49.What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?
A) Bring policies against cheating up to date.
B)Develop more effective ant cheating strategies
C)Find more ways to curb students"unethical acts
D)Guard against students"misuse of technology.
50. What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?
A) Prevent students from overusing electronic devices.
B) Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies.
C) Find more ways to curb students" unethical acts.
D) Guard against students" misuse of technology.
Passage Two
51to55 are based on the following passage
Remote work is about more than just working from home-it means working
differently. Organizations should reconsider the appropriateness of their
performance evaluation procedures in light of the shit to remote work.This
requires a fundamental rethinking of what organizations expect from what
companies would look for in a model employee in a remote work context.
It is likely that the "first to arrive and last to leave" mentality is no longer relevant,
but should be replaced by a regard for the quality of an employee"s contribution to the organization. This means that work should be measured in terms of the quality
of the work, not just the quality of the process. As remote work is largely
unobservable to supervisors, employers need to think about how they can
objectively measure the quality of work in a way that is consistent for employees of
similar rank.
Focusing on output alone can have unintended consequences.Employers should
think instead about the values and soft skills they want to emphasize in a remote
work environment. Qualities like flexibility and the ability to work under minimal
supervision might become critical.
Much has been written about the importance of timely feedback. In the context of
a global pandemic(大流行病) , firms may want to provide additional support to
employees by providing more frequent communication.This allows managers to both keep an eye on struggling employees and provide ongoing feedback on how
employees are adapting to their new work environment.
Compensation also needs to be revisited.The purpose of performance evaluation
is ultimately to determine how to reward employees for their work.This means
that pay structures need to adapt to the reality of working from home.How
ever,organizations also need to be hones with employees about the financial
impact of COVID-19.
For organizations that have struggled to keep the light on due to the pandemic, this
might mean thinking of non-financial ways to reward employees, like unpaid time
off or flexible work schedule. Employees can also consider how to bundle different
types of compensation to help employees cope with their unique situation.
51.What does the author say companies should do in the context of remote work?
A) Reform performance evaluation. B)Rethink the organizational fundamentals
C)Reexamine its effects on employees"behaviors
D)Reflect on its differences from working in the office.ssing employees otework?
52. What should be prioritized in assessing employees" remote work?
A) The quantity of their output.
B) The length of their work time.
C) The quality of their contribution.
D) The flexibility of their work schedules.
53. What quality in the employees would be of great importance in a remote work context?
A) The ability to produce quality work.
B) The ability to maximize work efficiency.
C) The ability to finish tasks in a timely manner.
D) The ability to work with the least supervision.
54. Why is it important for firms to provide timely feedback during the pandemic?
A) To evaluate their employees of similar rank in a consistent way.
B) To keep a watchful eye on those employees who perform poorly.
C) To help employees in need adapt to the new work environment.
D) To maintain connections with their employees away from office.
55. What is the author"s suggestion to employers who experience the financial
impact of the pandemic? A) Urging their employees to adapt to the new situation.
B) Rewarding their employees in unconventional ways.
C) Identifying employees who make little contribution.
D) Allowing their employees to look for part-time jobs.
仔细阅读答案:
46. C) More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.
47. B) Many students committed cheating unknowingly.
48. D) They make use of modern technology.
49. A) Bring policies against cheating up to date.
50. D) Guard against students" misuse of technology.
51. A) Reform performance evaluation.
52. C) The quality of their contribution.
53. D) The ability to work with the least supervision.
54. C) To help employees in need adapt to the new work environment。
55. B) Rewarding their employees in unconventional ways.
【翻译】
太极拳
太极拳起源于中国古代，是中国武术(martial art)的一个重要分支，练太极举最初是为了自卫，现在是促进身心健康的有效锻炼方式。大量研究表明，这种锻炼、灵活性和平衡力，并减 少压力和焦虑。太极举练习起来既容易又愉、流畅的动作，促使心情平静、头脑清瑞。今天， 太极举己经传播到世界名地，深受干大健身者的喜爱。
Taijiquan, an important branch of Chinese martial arts, has roots in ancient China. The original purpose of practicing Taijiquanwas self-defense, but nowitis regarded as an effectiveway to improve physical health. Alarge number of studies have revealed the fact thatthis kind of exercise serves as a tool to maintain strength, flexibility and balance, and mitigate stress and anxiety. It is easy and pleasantto do Taijiquan. Through gentle and smooth movements, it can calm you down and refresh your mind. Nowadays,Taijiquan has spread around theworld, and the majority of bodybuilders are devoted to it.
压岁钱
按照中国民间的传统习俗，春节期间长辈通常会给孩子发红包，俗称压岁钱(luckymoney)，以表达对孩子的祝福，祝他们好运。如今，红包不仅是孩子的礼物，而且经常也是给长辈或亲朋好友的礼物。近年来，随着微信用户数量的增加，微信红包变得愈加流行。欢度春节吋，人们经常互发微信红包表达问候，这无疑是一种与远方亲友联系的便捷方式。
According to traditional Chinese customs,the adults usually give children red envelopes at the spring festival, which named as the lucky money. Itis a blessing for chldren towish them good luck. Nowadays, lucky money is not only a present exclusive to children but also a giftfor seniors, relatives and friends.With the increase ofWeChat users in recent years, WeChat red envelope has become more and more popular. When people celebrate the Spring Festival, we send WeChat red envelopes to one another for greetings. This is undoubtedly a convenient way to contact distant relatives and friends.
戏曲
戏曲属于中国的传统艺术，它可以追湖到唐朝。中国戏曲吸引观众的特点之一是其独特的面部绘画。不同的脸谱象征着不同的人物和他们的命运。观众可以通过观察那些面部绘画来更好地理解人物的故事。
欣赏中国戏曲对中国人来说是一种乐趣，尤其是老年人。为了吸引年轻观众，传统戏曲不断发展和创新。如今，越来越多的外国人也对中国戏曲感兴趣。
Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese art,which dates back to the TangDynasty.
The unique facial painting of ChineseOpera is one of its featureswhich attracts the
audiences. Differentfacial paintings represent different characters, aswell as their fates.The audience can get a better understanding of the stories of characters by observing their facial paintings. Itis a pleasure for Chinese people to appreciate ChineseOpera.This is especially true for the elderly. In order to drawthe attention of young audiences,traditional opera keeps developing and innovating. At present, more and more foreigners also take interests in Chinese opera.
【作文】
申请支教
Dear Sir or Madam,
I"m writing to apply for participating in volunteer teaching in the rural area program.Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, and one of the most serious problems is the rural education and the rural students are in want of qualified teachers.
A number of factors are accountable for this situation. It may result from the low level of salary and the inconvenient transportation. That"s why volunteer teaching program captures the public"s attention.
Therefore, I will appreciate it if you could consider me for the post since I have been expecting such a precious opportunity to become a volunteer teacher for a long time. It is generally accepted that the program is of utmost importance for rural students. Not only can it broaden their horizons, but it also exerts a positive influence on students" knowledge. I am deeply honored if I can dedicate myself to the program. No words can express my gratitude if you can consider me for the post.
Your sincerely,
Li Hua
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