虚拟语气语法总结
第一类
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。
第二类
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
2.if only与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同
3.I would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去
在would rather,would sooner,would just as soon后的that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么"
4.as if(though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同
点击查看：高考英语虚拟语气怎么复习
第三类
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1.在lest，for fear that(以免),incase(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should) wakeup her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2.表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge提议move, vote
希望desire坚持insist
打算intend安排arrange
3.order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you(should)be the first to go.我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
第四类
It's time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
第五类
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
第六类
在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1)由that引导的句子(表示愿望或沮丧情绪)
2)由would that引导的句子(表示但愿)
3)由to think引导的句子(表示没想到)
1.虚拟条件句
第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。
下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：
通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
如何“各自为政”呢?这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示
1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设)
4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
7. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中，特别注意虚拟语气与倒装的结合，前提是省略if，这种情况多见于过去和将来的假设，具体表现是将if省略，把had, were, should之类词语提前构成倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would go.
Should it happen, what should you do?
Had he recognised me, he would have come over.
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有without, but for, otherwise, or等等，此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。
But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. (过去)
Without water, all lives would die. (现在)
He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. (过去)
I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. (过去)
2.should+do的用法
虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should +do的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。
这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recommend, command以及相关名词等等。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。
1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气
He insisted that the meeting be put off.
He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.
2. 表语从句的虚拟语气
My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.
3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气
There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.
4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：
It’s +p.p +that ;
It’s + adj. +that;
It’s + n. +that
常用的动词:recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command
常用的形容词:important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential
常用的名词:duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’s important that you should take the medicine.
It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.
It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.
It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.
It was suggested that he should join the club activities.
5. It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.
6. 某些词语如suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.
We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.
3.特殊句式
虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同：
would rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是这样使用的would rather sb. did(对现在或将来的假设)/ had done(对过去的假设)
I would rather he didn’t go now.
They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.
It’s (about) (high) time (that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should do), 含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s time for sb. to do sth.
It’s high time (that) we went home.
It’s high time that we (should) go home.
for fear that 后面可以接虚拟语气should do，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。
I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.
wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish sb. did(对现在的虚拟); wish sb. had done(对过去的虚拟); wish sb. would do (对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish sb. would have done的情况。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
She wished she had stayed at home.
I wish I would have seen her last night.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用How sb. wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were. 例如：How I wish I were a bird.
as if/ though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句; seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导的表语从句。
主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句：主句+as if/ though+主语+did/ were(对现在的假设);主句+as if/ though+主语+could/ would do(对将来的假设);主句+as if/ though+主语+had done(对过去的假设)
seem/ look/ smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。例如：
She talks as if she knew everything.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
If only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/ could do, 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only he were here!
If only you would listen to our advise!
If only I had not been busy last week!
★If only 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：
If only I had more money, I could buy a car!
查看全文
false