非谓语动词“三步设疑”解题法 非谓语动词思维导图
高中英语非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制,
不定式的用法:
常用于下列结构中:
(1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…(如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…)
(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…(如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…)
(3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...(如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …)
(4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
(5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
2. 动词不定式作宾语:ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
*注意:1某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean… 2某些及物动词think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式宾语
三、不定式的否定式:通常是在不定式前加not,表示较强的否定意义时可用never。
e.g. I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again.
1、不定式省to
1) 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than(宁愿……而不),
cannot but(不得不、只好), why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。
2) 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。The child did nothing except weep. She can do anything but sing.
3) 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。
eg: They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)
他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系)
她让孩子待在那里等她回来。
在某些感官动词或使役动词(如 hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有:what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which(why 除外)
动词-ing形式的要点
①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while, 如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the
letter, she went on to read an English novel.
4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动
动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定
语或状语用。如:The truck being repaired there is ours.
5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
① 单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,如:
touching story / leading cadres / shining example / coming week /
skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread Barking dogs seldom bite.
注:分词作定语时,意义上接近于一个定语从句,如: developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing
非谓语的解题步骤或思路
(1)先判断空格部分所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词。
独立的句子, 从句或非谓语
独立的句子 加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个独立的句子。
独立的句子,(逗号) 有and,but, so 等词 加独立的句子。
(2)再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或被动;
(3)接下来再判断时态,
(4)如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面
(5)一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果不一致的话,要把非谓语的独立主语加上。
只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse
原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 想象 can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要 can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解
常见的带介词to的短语:
be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关 get down to 着手做 contribute to 贡献 put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于 lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对
look forward to 盼望 object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意
特殊的非谓语短语
Generally speaking 一般来说 Considering …. 考虑到,鉴于
Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话
Taking …into account 考虑到 Taking …into consideration 考虑到
Provided …假如 Providing…假如 Suppose…假如 Supposing…假如
Judging from/ by…根据…判断 Given sth 假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到
Given that…假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到
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