摘要本文运用修正人力资本法评估了2011年北京市空气污染导致过早死亡的经济损失。在剂量-反应模型建立上，新加入了温度、湿度和饮食模式三种自变量，并且采用样条平滑函数对变量数值进行前期处理，以增加计算结果的准确度。研究表明，北京市可吸入颗粒污染致死人数占空气污染物排放全部死亡人数的约60%，是城镇居民健康的最大威胁。2011年北京市空气污染物排放导致的健康损害经济价值为60 394.55万元，其中，心血管疾病潜在寿命损失值为42 683.09万元，呼吸系统疾病潜在寿命损失值为17 711.46万元。朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区是北京市空气污染最为严重的地区，由此造成的健康损失值也最高；延庆、怀柔、密云地区受污染情况及造成的健康经济损失相对最低。老年人是构成心血管疾病早逝健康损失的主要人群，儿童是构成呼吸系统疾病的早逝健康损失的主要人群。为有效减轻大气污染物对北京市居民健康威胁，本文提出了相应政策建议。
关键词空气污染；健康损失；修正人力资本法；北京
中图分类号X24；X821；{X828}文献标识码A文章编号1002-2104 are added in the doseresponse model. At the same time， the spline smoothing function is used to process the variable values in the previous stage so as to improve the result accuracy. The results show that the number of the death stemmed from respirable suspended particles in Beijing accounts for about 60% of all deaths caused by air pollution， implying that respirable suspended particles is the biggest threat to urban residents’ health. In 2011， the health losses caused by air pollutants in Beijing were 603.946 million RMB， among which， the potential life losses resulted from cardiovascular disease were 426.831 million RMB， losses from respiratory system disease were 177.115 million RMB. Chaoyang， Fengtai， and Haidian are the most serious air polluted districts and sustained the greatest health losses. The air pollution in Yanqing， Huairou， and Miyun was relatively light and the health losses therefore were the smallest. The elderly and children were the major factors of economic losses led by cardiovascular disease death and respiratory diseases death respectively. To effectively reduce air pollution threats in Beijing， this paper provides policy suggestions in the last section.
Key wordsair pollution； health damage； corrected human capital method； Beijing
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